Internal combustion engine



`lune 27,1933. w, C)i BECHMAN 1,915,283

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE June 27, 1933. w. o. BECHMAN 1,91283 INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 5o. 1951 6 sheetssheet 2 June 27, 1933.

w. o. BECHMAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Apil yso, 1931 6Sheets-Sheet 3 zZ/niger June 27, 1933.

W. O. BECHMAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 30, 1951 6Sheets-SheetI 4 Jill/dlp? June 27, 1933. w, o, BECHMAN 1,915,283

INTERNAL COMBUST ION ENGINE Filed April 50, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 June27, 1933. w Q BECHMAN INTERNAL coMEUsToN ENGINE Filed April 30, 1951 6Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented June 27, 1933 EVILLIAM GTT() RECHT-EAN, OFVCHCAGO, LLENOIS, ASSGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY, ACRPORATEON OF NEW JERSEY INTER-NAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Application filedApril 30,

The invention relates to ximprovements in an internal combustion engineof the four cycle type having a single cylinder.

The objects of the invention are to provide a simplified and generallyimproved engine of the kind specified with the main thoughts being toachieve compactness, minimum weight, neatness of design and appearance,and, lastly, enclosure of the maximum number of moving parts, to excludedirt therefrom. More specific objects relate to features of design ofthe engine block with provision for mounting crank and cam shafts withefficient facilities for lubricating bearings for these shafts;toprovide a juickly removable cover for the open end of the block tofacilitate inspection and repairs, if necessary; to provide an integralsleeve in the block passed through the water cooling hopper to encloseand locate the valve operating push rods; and, in conclusion, generallyto provide other important features of construction, and-relativepositioning` of parts, as will later more fully appear.

These objects are briefly attained by the form of the invention hereinchosen in the drawings for purposes of illustration, and by way ofexample. In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a top plan view of the internal. rombustion engine;

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the structure shown in Figure 1with a portion of the ily-wheel broken away, better to illustratecertain partsof the engine;

Figure 3 is an elevational view of the head end of the engine, whichwould be looking from the left to theright in Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a transverse sectional view through the engine, as seenalong the line 4 4 appearing in Figure 1 when viewed in the direction ofthe arrows;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through the engine, as seenalong the broken section line 5 appearing in Figure 1 when viewed in theindicated direction gui-e 6 is an end view of the castingcomi the blockof thev engine when looking at the same from the end shown in Figure 4;and, Y

Figure 7 is an enlarged detail view through 1931. Serial No. 534,014.

partof this block casting, as seen along the line 7 7 appearing inFigure 6 when looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

The engine may be mounted on any appropriate form of support such forexample as the two spaced runners 1() having hand holes 11 to facilitatehandling and transport of the enginewhen desired. These side members areof channelsteel, for lightness and strength, and in any convenientmanner carry a fuel tank 12 at one end, as best shown in Figures 4 and5. This tank has a filler opening closed by a cap 13. i

The engine block is generally numbered 14 the same being cast as anintegral piece having suitable ears 15 to serve as means to receivebolts 16 for` anchoring the engine to the runners, or side members, 10.-At its right hand end, as seeny in Figure 5, the block 14 has a flat,vertically machined face 16 which is open, as shown in Figure 6. Thisend of the casting carries two spaced bearing blocks 17, as showninFiguresl and 7, properly hushed lto journal for rotation a transverselydisposed, horizontal cam shaft 18 held in plac-e by bolted parts 19.Below the cam shaft, this same end of the block carries two similarbearing blocks 2O for journaling the transversely disposed, horizontalcrank shaft 21 held in place by bolted cover blocks 22. The cam shaft18, as shown in Figure 4, projects laterally out of theV right hand sideof the block 14, where it carries a pulley wheel 23 for taking off powerin the wellknown manner. Conversely, the crank shaft 21 is passed outlaterally of the block 14 toward the left, said projected end of thecrank shaft having secured thereto a flywheel 24. Where each of theseshafts extends from the block 14, said block carries inany approved wayan oil and dirt seal 25 for the purpose of excluding dirt and preventingoil leakage.

The crank shaft 21 is formed with. a crank 26 disposed centrally ofllthe open end of the block 14, and, to one side of the crank 26, hasfastened thereto a crank shaft pinion 27 in mesh with a. gear 28 securedto the cam shaft 18. The gear reduction here is two to one, so thatthecam shaft makes two revolutions to one for the crank shaft. The camshaft 18 also carries and operates an eccen tric 29 and two cams 30 and31 for a purpose presently to appear.

Closing the open end 16 of the block 14 and the mechanism just abovedescribed is a pressed sheet metal cover 32 having a flange 33 which isappropriately bolted to the periphery of the same open end face 16. The

sides of this cover 32 areV notched, as at 34,

ing that connects a `connecting rod 41,

theretoA in the usual'way. This rod or pitman 41 is pivotally connectedat its .other end with a Wrist pin 42 mounted in apiston 43 which isreciprocably carried in a cylinder 44 disposed horizontally and formedas an integral sleeve part of the block casting 14. Surrounding the`cylinder 44 is a spaced circulary sleeve 45 providing'a water jacket 46whichV is in communication with a water hopper 47 open at its top, as at48, said hopfper also'being an integral part of the block and beingarranged at the top thereof, asA

best shown in Figure 5.

Between'the cylinder 45 and the hopper 47,` the block 14 is formed withan integrally east, longitudinally extending tunnel` or pasd sage 49,open at its left hand end, as seen in'Figure 5, said .tunnel providing asubstantially enclosed space for a pair of valve push rods v50 and 51,which are reciprocably v reciprocated. K each portion 53, where'itprojects into the mounted in bearings 52 formed as a part of the block;14.' The valve push rodsv are at the cam sh aft side, respectively,formed with thickened portions 53 engageable by the cams 30 and 31heretofore described. In this manner the rods y and 51 are alternatelyA` seal v54 is provided around4 tunnel 49 to exclude dirt from the crankcase and to prevent leakage of oil therefrom.

Effective lubrication is contemplated as al major factor inrthisconstruction, and the mechanism for achieving such desirable result willnow be described.

As appears best in` Figures 5 andl6, the

cylinder sleeve 44 projects slightly into the p, crank case. f The upperportion of this projected portion, as'at 55, is formed as a troughwhich, is generally shaped in a half-circle,

lso that oil picked up by said trough will drain tovreservoirs 56 thatfeed to openings'v Y 57 in' the block'14, said openings or bores idirecting the lubricant to the bearings 20, 22

for the crank shaft 21. (See Figure 7 In a quite similar manner, asshown in Figures 5, 6 and 7, the block 14 is integrally formed with atrough 58 that receives splashed oil which then drains to the oppositeends therei of from whence it feeds to reservoirs 59 that lead the oilt0 passages 60 in the block 14, said passages 60 leading the lubricantto the two bearing17, 19 for the cam shaft 18. y The connecting rodbearing is oiled from a bore 61 in the crank 26, said bore receiving itssupply of oil from an oil catching disk 62, (see Figure 4).

It will be understood that the crank case is filled with oil up to asuitable level and that, as the crank 26 and gear 27 play therein, theoil is carried or splashedup to the troughs 55 and 58 for oiling thecrank and cam shaft bearings in the manner described. The splashed oilalso comes into direct contact `with the cams 30 and 31 and eccentric 29to lubricate these parts. The bearing 40 is oiled through the feedpassage 61, and the piston 43 and wrist pin 42 are oiled by directsplash.

Continuing now with the structure, it will which, respectively, extendleads 71 and 72. 'l

The head includes two of the usual valve stem guides 73, eachvreciprocably carrying valve stems 74, operable alternately by two rockerarms 75 mounted on a shaft 76, which in turn is carried by a pair ofspaced brackets 77 secured to the head 63. The upper ends of these tworocker arms 75 are adjustably connected to the ends of the push rods50,51 heretofore described.

The intake lead 71 carries a butterfly valve l- 78 and connects with acarburetor 79. This carbureter has a valve controlled air inlet 80 andaneedle'valve 81 for controlling the quantity of fuel fed to thecarburetor from a fuel feed pipe 82, which communicates with the fuelreservoir 12, (see Figure 5). The butterfly valve. 18 is automaticallycontrolled by a governor 83 (see Figure 4) embodying the usualcentrifugally operated weights acting to move a rod84 engageable with acrank lever 85 on a shaft 86` whichvprotrudes outwardly from the block14, as shown also in Figures 1 and 3. The free end of the rockshaft 86in turn carries a crank 87 pivotal-lj.'

connected to a link 88 in turn pivotally connected to a small crank 89which turns the stem 90 that carries the butterfly valve 78. Thisgovernor 83, as appears in Figure 4, includes in the conventional way agear 91 in mesh with the crank shaft pinion 27 hereto- The foredescribed. Inthis fashion, the governor is driven directly from thecrank shaft 21.

The spark plug 67 is connected with an electrical conductor cable 92,the other end of which connects to an enclosed, Weather-proof magneto 93of the Well known reciprocatory armature type. This magneto isappropriatclybolted to the engine' block by bolts 94 on the flywheelside. Protruding from the bottom of the magneto is a push-pull member 95connected with an arm 96 (see Figure 2), that is moved up and down toreciprocat-e the armature of the magneto by means of a crank 97connected to a rockshaft 98, which, in a conventional manner, isoperatedby a tripper mechanism 99 (see Figure Al) inside rthe engine case, whichtripper, in turn, is

driven by the eccentric 29 heretofore described. The stroke of thepush-pull link 95 may be varied in the usual Way by means of a handoperated link 100 carried in an eye 101 at the side of the block 14,said link 100 having connection With a setting mechanism 102.

The exhaust outlet 72 carries a suitable form of muffler 103 shown inFigures 1 and 3.

rl`he lubricant may be drained from the crank case by means of a drainplug 104 provided at thebottom of the crank case on the flywieel side ofthe engine, as shown best in Figure In using the engine the case will befilled with oil 'to a level indicated by an appropriate mark on thevgauge stem 38. Fuel, of course, is contained in the tank 12, andcooling water is inthe hopper i7 and jacket 46. To start the engine, thespark control rod 100 and needle valve 81 are properly set to regulateignition and fuel supply to make starting as easy as possible.Thereupon, the flywheel 24 is manually turned to create combustion inthe chamber 65. All parts are now in motion and in the conventionalfourcycle manner the i'irst out stroke of the pis-v ton #f3 occursWiththe exhaust valve open and the inlet valve closed, therebyaccompl1shing scavenging of the combustion chamber.

Gn the return or iii-stroke of the piston, thev exhaust valve closes andthe inlet valve opens to charge the combustion chamber. The pis ton thenreturns on its outstroke to compress the charge and, during such stroke,both inlet and exhaustvalves are held closed. Near the termination ofthis compression stroke of the piston, the spark plug 67 is ignitedto'lire the compressed charge and thus, in the vconventional manner, thepiston is quickly returned on its power stroke to turn the crank shaftand connected parts.

' The Vmode lof lubrication of the various bearings and parts hasalready been ce scribed, with one exception, and that is in the caseofthe gearing 27, 28, Which are lubricated by splash and from oil pickedup by the governor drive gear 91 which plays down in the oil bath.

Access to the engine interior'is readily lhad upon removal of the coverplate 32, which seals and encloses the crank and camshaft assemblies.

From this detailed disclosure, it must noW I be appreciated that animproved internal combustion engine is provided, which achieves all ofthe desirable objects heretofore recited therefor.

It is the intention to cover herein all such changes and modificationsas do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as indicatedby the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an internal combustion engine of the "i horizontal type, anintegrally cast block embodying a cylinder Y*sleeve surrounded by aWaterjacket, a head for the sleeve, a cooling hopper above the cylindersleeve and in communication with the jacket, and a tunnel formed in theblock independent of the head to provide a space for valve operatingpush rods.

2. In an internal combustion engine, an integrally castblock embodying acylinder sleeve surrounded by a Water jacket, a cooling hopper above thecylinder sleeve and inVV cooling jacket and cooling hopp-enfone endk ofsaid block being finished as a flat open end, a crank shaft, bearings onthe fiat end for carrying the same on the block, a cam shaft, bearingson the fiat end for carrying the samel on the block, a piston operablein the sleeve,V from the crank shaft to which it is connected, means todrive the cam shaft from the crank shaft, and a cover removablyconnected to said fiat end to enclose said parts and thev open end ofthe block.

5. kIn an internal combustion engine, a block embodying a horizontalcylinder sleeve, cooling jacket and cooling hopper, one end of saidblock beinglinished as a flat open end, a crank shaft, bearings on theflat end for carrying the same on the block, a cam shaft, bearings onthe flat end for carrying the same on the block, the crank shaftprojectingat one end laterally of the block, a flywheel carried on saidcrank shaft end, the cam shaft projecting at one end laterally of theblock in an opposite direction, a pulley carried on said cam shaft end,a piston operable in the -vreservoir to each and the open end of theblock.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a blockembodying a horizontalcylinder sleeve, cooling jacket and cooling hopper, one end of saidblock being nished as a latfopen end, a crank shaft, bearings on theflatend for carrying the same on the block, a cam shaft, bearings on thefiat yend for carrying the same on the block, an oil receiving troughformed in the block, means for passing oil r from the trough to thecrank shaft bearings,

a piston operable in the rsleeve from-the crank shaft to which it isconnected, means to drive the lcam-shaft from the crank shaft, and acover to enclose said parts and the Lopen end of the block. y

7. In an internal combustion,engine, a,

block embodying a horizontal cylinder sleeve, cooling jacket, andcooling hopper, yoneend of said block being finished as a fiat open end,a crank shaft, bearings onV the flat end for carrying the same on theblock, a. cam shaft, bearings on the fiat end for carrying the sameonthe'block, an oil receiving trough formed in the block asv ahalf-circle over the endof the cylinder sleeve, a reservoir at each endof the half-circle trough, a passage from each crank shaft f bearing'/to lubricate thesame, a piston operablein the sleeve from thecrankshaft yto which itis connected, means to drive the cam shaftfrom thecrank shaft, and a cover to enclose said parts and the open end of theblock.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a block embodying a horizontalcylinder sleeve, cooling jacket, and cooling hopper, one end of saidyblock being finished as aflat open' end, a crank shaft, bearings onthefflat end for carrying the same on the block, acam shaft, bearings onthe flat end for carrying the salne on the block, an oil receivingtrough formed in'the'block, means for directing oilfrom said trough tothe cam shaft bearings, a piston operable .in the sleeve from the crankshaft to VWhich it is connected, means to drive the camshaft from thecrank shaft, anda cover removably connected to saidflat end to enclosesaid parts andthe open end of the block. A l l 9. In an internalcombustion engine, a block embodying a horizontal cylindersleeve,cooling jacket, and cooling hop er, one end of said block being finishedasia atopen end, a crankshaft, bearings on the yfiat end for carryingthe same on the block,a cam shaft,

h bearings on the flat rendy for carryingY the same on the. block, anoil receivingtrough on the block, said trough having a `high portiondraining to two lowerends, a reservoir at each end, passages in theblock for leading 7' the oil from said reservoirs to the cam shaftbearings, a piston operable in the sleeve from the crank shaft to whichit is connected, means to drive the cam shaft from the crank shaft, anda cover enclosing said parts and ther open end of the block.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a block embodying a horizontalcylinder sleeve,VA cooling jacket, and cooling hopper, one end of saidblock being finished as a flat open. end, a crank shaft, bearings on thefiat end for carrying the same on the block, a cam shaft, bearings onthe fiat end for carrying the same on the block, a pair of oil receivingtroughs on the block, means for passing the oil from one trough to thecam shaft bearings, means for passing the oil from the other trough tothe crank shaft bearings, a piston operable in the sleeve from the crankshaft to Which it is connected, means to drive the cam shaft from thecrank shaft, and a cover enclosing said parts and the open end of saidblock.V

11. Inan internal combustion'fengine, a block Vembodying a horizontalcylinder sleevecooling jacket, and cooling hopper, one end of said blockbeing finished as a flat open end, a crank shaft, bearings on the'flatend Carryingthe same on the block, a cam shaft, bearings on the flat endfor carrying the same on the block, a pair ofv oil receiving troughsintegrally formed on the block,I said lower ends, reservoirsrat said lo7ends of the troughs, passages in the block for lead.

ing oil from the reservoirs of one trough to the cam shaft bearings,similar passages in the block for leading oil fromv the reservoirs ofthe other trough to the crank shaft bear ings, a piston operable 'in thesleeve from the crank shaft to which it isvconnected, means to drivethecam shaft from the crank shaft, and a cover enclosing said parts andthe open end of said block.`

12. An internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, av blockhaving a horizontally disposed cylinder sleeve, awater jacketsurrounding the sleeve, a cooling hopper above the sleeve and jacket,said block having an open end, a crankshaft journaled on theblock atsaid open end, a piston in the sleeve driven from said crank shaft, ahead closing the cylinder sleeve, a

Vcover detachably mounted on the open end of the blockto closethesame, abreather sleeve in said cover for the crank case of the sleeve, a coverdetachably -mounted on the open end of the block to close the same, saidcover including abreather opening for the crank case of the engine, acap for the breather opening, and an oil gauge carried by said cap.

`lll. An internal combustion engine coinprising, in combination, a blockhaving a cylinder sleeve surrounded by a Water j acket7 the blockincluding a cooling hopper and a sleeve between the hopper and cylindersleeve, said block having an open end including a crank case, a tunn-elin the block open at the head end of the block7 geared together crankand cam shafts arranged transversely at the openend of the block inbearings mounted on the block, a piston slidable in the cylinder sleeveand driven from the crank shaft, valve push rods oper! able from the camshaft and located in said tunnel7 a cover closing the open end of theblock, ya head closing the head end of the cyl inder sleeve, a sparkplug in the head, inlet and exhaust leads including valves carried bysaid head, rocker arms for operating the valves and carried by the headand connected to said push rods, and a carbureter communieating Withsaid inlet lead. l5. An internalcombustion engine` comprising, incombination, an integrally castV block having a horizontally disposedcylinder sleeve surrounded by a Water jacket, the block including acooling hopper at its top and a sleeve forming a horizontal tunnelbetween the hopper and cylinder sleeve, said block having an open endincludinga crank case and the said tunnel being open at the headend ofthe block, geared together crank and cam shafts arranged transversely atthe Y open end of the block in bearings mounted on the block, the crankshaft extending from one side of the block and carrying a flywheel, thecam shaft extending laterally from the opposite side of the block andcarrying a pulley Wheel, a piston slidable in the cylinder sleeve anddriven from the crank shaft,

valve push rods operable from the cam shaft 'Y and located in saidtunnel, a cover closing the open end of the block, a head closing thehead end of the cylinder sleeve, a spark plug, and inlet and exhaustleads includingvalves carried by said head, rocker arms connected to thevalves and carried by the head and connected to said push rods, andacarbureter communicating with the inlet lead.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature. i

WILLIAM OTTO BECHMAN. 'Y

